A capital call is when a portfolio company needs to go back to its investor(s) to ask for more equity investment. This could be to finance an add-on acquisition or a new growth strategy. A capital call may also occur if the company is simply low on cash and needs more capital to stay afloat [&hellip...

A sale-leaseback involves selling property ownership to a third party and then renting that property back from that third party at a rate that was previously agreed upon. This is also a common way to generate cash to fund other projects. Companies may also wish to do this to reduce their real estate...

The 3 most common ways to increase IRR are: growing EBITDA, paying off debt, and increasing the exit multiple. Growing EBITDA is the most common way to increase IRR. Most PE firms plan to grow EBITDA either by increasing revenues, cutting costs, or some combination of the two. Even if they sell the ...

A stock deal is when an acquirer purchases all shares (ie equity ownership) of a firm to purchase the entire company. The acquiror assumes both the assets and liabilities of the company. This is by far the most common kind of deal. In a stock deal, proceeds to the seller are taxed at the capital [&h...

You want to tell a story about how you became interested in finance, investing, and improving businesses. It’s best to provide some context initially about yourself so the interviewer understands what’s unique about you: where you grew up, where you went to school, and how the first “spark” ...

The most important characteristic of a good LBO candidate is stable cash flows since the PE owner will have to service the debt and stay within covenants in order for the investment to be successful. This means recurring revenue is very valuable, meaning that the revenue is “sticky” and it’s h...

Net working capital represents the money tied up in the daily operations of the business. This includes both current assets and current liabilities. On the current assets side, we typically include accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses as part of net working capital. All these items w...

Some of the most important due diligence is done on the industry, and this can include competitor analysis, pricing trends, volume analysis, and speaking with industry experts. Due diligence will also be done on the company’s growth and cost strategy, customers, customer contracts, products, distr...

The due diligence process for an M&A deal typically involves questioning and confirming all key aspects of the business, especially the growth trajectory of the business and industry. PE firms will often hire 3rd parties to help out with different aspects of due diligence. Some of the most impor...

If it’s a public company, you can look up the cost of debt on Bloombergor in their company filings. Different types of debt are often listed in thenotes to the financial statements in a quarterly or annual report and theinterest rate is sometimes provided. If it’s a private company, you can crea...